At a gathering of food nuts last year in Boston, my BBB Marilyn demonstrated how to make puff pastry. Since I splurged on Plugra (European style butter - lower water content than supermarket butter) in Cleveland last week, I wanted to make something that would showcase it. Puff Pastry seemed a natural choice.
I followed Marilyn's well-written instructions and began by measuring the ingredients. Puff pastry is an astounding creation -
it contains only butter, flour, lemon juice (or vinegar), water and
salt. There are no chemical leavenings or yeast. The magic of its rise
has to do with the many layers that are creating by folding, rolling
and repeating for six full "turns" (to be explained later). When baked,
steam from the water in the pastry pushes against these layers, lifting
them up. When you measure the ingredients, you reserve some of the flour to mix in with the butter, and mix in some of the butter with the flour. Doing this helps the two ingredients play nice with each other.
Using a pastry cutter, I cut the butter into the flour until it was like coarse cornmeal. I think a food processor would incorporate the butter more evenly, but I didn't want to make a lot of noise since it was a quiet Sunday afternoon. I made a well in the flour and poured in very cold water mixed with a little lemon juice. Using my hands, I gently lifted the dry ingredients into the wet ingredients, working from the outside of the bowl to the center. The instructions tell you to mix it together until it looks like rags - I hope what I did was close enough. I had to use a little more water than the recipe called for, but it's been so dry
here that doesn't surprise me. I gathered the dough into a ball and formed it into a disk, then refrigerated it to make sure the butter remained cool.
While the dough was chillin', I incorporated the remaining flour into the rest of the butter. I'm sure my husband wondered what I was doing as I repeatedly whanged a rolling pin into the parchment-covered, flour-coated butter slabs. I pounded them, folding them over and redistributing the flour between the butter sheets, until all of the flour was incorporated into the butter brick. All of the flour, that is, except for what blew out of the sides of the parchment and onto the floor.
That is one drawback to baking at home
- it can get messy.
The next trick was to get the two masses to the same temperature. If the butter is too warm, it will melt and not form layers. If the butter is too cold, it can tear the dough. So in search of Goldilocks' "just right," I kept taking the temperatures of the butter brick and dough. The recipe says 60 degrees is the magic number, but since our house was only slightly warmer than that, I settled for 58 degrees.
Once both mixtures reached the magic number, I patted the dough to a square roughly 8 inches per side. The butter brick was shaped into a 6 inch square.
I placed the butter brick diagonally on the dough and marked the edges of the brick with a bench knife.
I removed the butter brick and rolled out the "flaps" beyond the
marks. The butter was replaced and the flaps folded back in, making a cozy cocoon for the butter. I made sure that there were no gaps in the seams, and returned the package to the refrigerator, again looking for that 60 degree mark. It didn't take long because it was very cool and the dough and butter didn't warm up appreciably while I was working with them. I'm sure that if I were making this in August it would take longer for all of the ingredients to reach that temperature.
One nice thing about this recipe is that you can make it over a couple of days if you like. The hands-on time isn't that extensive, and you can stick it in the fridge for several hours at a time. At this point in my puff project, I needed to make dinner so I let the dough rest for a few hours before coming back to it.
The next step is where the magic happens. The dough is rolled, folded, and rolled again six times. Each time you roll and fold it is called a "turn." It is named such because you roll the dough into a long rectangle, fold it up like a business letter, then turn the dough 90 degrees, because you always want to be rolling along the longer side of the folded edges. When you fold it like a letter, it's called a single turn. If you fold the dough in four parts (two flaps to the middle, then fold in half) instead, it's called a double turn. This recipe calls for single turns so that's what I did. Since you don't want to heat up the butter and risk it melting, the turns can't be completed all at once. I've read that doing 6 turns results in 729 layers. Ooh, sounds like a fun math exercise! Let's see...first turn it is folded into thirds, so 3 layers. Second turn, 3 layers folded into thirds = 9 layers. Third turn, 9 * 3 = 27 layers. Fourth turn, 27 * 3 = 81 layers. Fifth turn, 81 * 3 = 243 layers. Sixth turn, 243 layers * 3 = 729 layers. Wasn't that fun? I wonder what would happen if you went 7 or 8 turns. Do you start running into diminishing returns or even ruin the other layers? Maybe I can experiment with another batch.
The first fold went swimmingly, and I popped the dough back in the fridge for a bit. I was pleasantly surprised at how easily the dough rolled. It didn't shrink back much, and required very little flour to keep from sticking to the silicone mat. It also had a luxurious texture that is difficult to describe. It was smooth and soft yet firm at the same time. I kept wanting to caress the dough (I am SO weird).
Since it was ever so cool, a 30 minute rest was plenty between folds. The third and fourth folds could be done without refrigerating between them (by this time most of the butter was fully incorporated and thus less likely to melt out); same with the fifth and sixth turns. After the last turn, the dough rested for 2 hours while I made dinner.
I decided to use part of the dough for dessert. I made a pear "Tarte Tatin" only the crust wasn't baked in the skillet; I baked it separately. I took 1/4 of the dough and rolled it to approximately 1/8 of an inch thick. I pricked it with a fork (I guess so it rises evenly? I don't fully comprehend this step) and slid it into the oven. Something seemed wrong, but I couldn't put my finger on it. While the dough was baking I simmered pear quarters in butter and sugar, watching as they began to caramelize. Boy that smelled good.
It was while the pears were simmering that I had a DOH! moment. I remembered what was wrong! After I rolled out the dough I was supposed to cut the edges, since the dough needs a clean cut to rise properly. Oh, crap. It was too late to take it out, so I just had to cross my fingers and hope for the best.
Luckily, nothing could stop those flaky layers, not even my gross incompetence. Behold the power of steam!
Look at those flaky layers - the middle didn't puff as much, but it still rose dramatically. I topped the dough with the caramelized pears and a combo of cream/sour cream that was whipped to soft peaks. Three of us ate the whole thing - my stomach hurt! But it was worth it. I can't wait to see how well it turns out when I actually do it the right way.